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Major findings

  • Reduced serosal detail
  • Pleural effusion
  • Wispy soft tissue in the subcutaneous tissues
  • Wispy soft tissue in the retroperitoneal space
  • Inadequate bladder distension
  • Normal vesicoureteral reflux

Minor findings

  • Questionable to mild cardiomegaly
  • Corrugated colon
  • Uroabdomen is related to a leak in the urinary system
    • Bladder is inadequately distended to assess for a tear and more contrast should be given
    • EU and urethrogram could be considered to evaluated the remainder of the urinary tract
  • Pleural fluid and subcutaneous fluid may be related to vasculitis and fluid overload
  • Retroperitoneal fluid may be related to vasculitis, fluid overload, or ureteral tear
  • Ask for additional radiographs with the bladder more distended
  • Possible evaluation of the heart (echo)
  • An additional lateral was provided if the candidate clearly indicated they wanted to try to distend the bladder further
    • The bladder is still inadequately distended with irregular margins and questionable extravasation
    • Images were not provided if the candidate assumed the bladder was turgid and did not specifically request to proceed with the study
  • A final set of radiographs (lateral and VD) were provided if the candidate requested to continue to distend the bladder
  • Candidates often recognized that the bladder was inadequately distended but many candidates assumed that this was due to lack of distensability of the urinary bladder rather than a technical error and diagnosed the bladder as severely thickened.
  • Many candidates also failed to put all the signs together in relation to fluid overload/vasculitis and only integrated the findings in the context of multiple trauma.